Mild steel is the one of the most commonly used material in building structures on land and at sea. Steel, however, has a high corrosion rate - especially when exposed to fresh water and sea water. There are various methods in practice to protect steel structures from corroding away. The following article describes an economic and effective way of protecting steel structures by a process called cathodic protection.
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Cathodic Protection (CP) is a process where a DC current is applied to a metal to slow or stop corrosion. In a marine environment, the structure to be protected connected to a metal that is more prone to corrosion using a DC current. The metal that needs to be protected acts as a cathode and the metal that is more prone to corrosion acts as the anode, and is often called the sacrificial anode.
Figure 1 – Illustration of an MMO-coated titanium anode that provides cathodic protection to a SeaPod.
Mixed metal oxides are compounds that are with high conductivity and corrosion resistance. They are used to as a surface coating to protect a steel structure from corrosion. Most commonly used MMOs are Ruthenium Oxide (RuO2) and Iridium Oxide (IrO2). Ruthenium Oxide (RuO2) is inexpensive and more suitable for marine environments.
MMO anodes have a very low wear rate and do not change shape over time.MMO anodes are quickly becoming the most popular applied current anode, surpassing the market share of traditional anodes such as graphite and high-silica cast iron. Some of the advantages of using mixed metal oxide anodes are
Titanium is one of the most sought-after metals in the manufacturing industry. It offers several key advantages as a building block for marine applications. The following are advantages of using Titanium.
An MMO-coated titanium anode is manufactured by coating a pure titanium structure with a mixed metal oxide, such as ruthenium oxide, which is ideally suited for marine environments.
A pure titanium anode (substrate) is cleaned and prepared by chemical etching and sometimes mechanical abrasion of the anode surface. Once the substrate is ready, a coating of ruthenium oxide is applied and thermally decomposed at temperatures ranging 400 to 600 °C. This creates an adherent layer of ruthenium oxide (mixed metal oxide).
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The longevity of an MMO-coated titanium anode depends on the amount of current that is applied to the anode. Depending on the current, MMO-coated titanium anodes can last between 20 and 40 years.
MMO-coated titanium anodes have been used in the manufacturing sector for decades because of their cathodic protection properties, longevity, low cost and strength. When coated with a mixed metal oxide like ruthenium oxide, the anode is resistant to corrosion, especially in marine environments where corrosion rates are extremely high.
Website references for further education:
https://eoncoat.com/what-is-cathodic-protection-and-how-does-it-work/#
Advantage: The titanium anode does not change the electrode spacing during the electrolysis process, which can ensure the electrolysis operation is carried out under the condition of stable cell voltage. Low working voltage, minimal power usage, and a 20% reduction in consumption are all advantages. Titanium anodes have a long working life, diaphragm cell electrolysis process in chlor-alkali industry, metal anodes are resistant to chlorine and alkali corrosion. It can solve the lead and graphite anode dissolution issue, prevent electrolyte and cathode product pollution, enhance product quality, and boost current density.
For example, in the diaphragm method of producing chlor-alkali, the current density of the graphite electrode is 8A/㎡; and titanium anodes can be multiplied to 17A/㎡; In this way, the output of the same electrolysis plant and electrolyze can be doubled. It has strong corrosion resistance and can work in many electrolytic media with strong corrosion and special requirements. Preventing short circuits after lead anode deformation and thus increasing current efficiency, and the titanium substrate can be used repeatly
Advantage: Electrolysis extracts metal from a sulfuric acid solution and oxygen from the anode. It is critical to choose appropriate anode materials. Titanium electrode coated with tantalum iridium series, with low oxygen overpotential and no electrolyte corrosion. Iridium oxide coatings are extremely electrolytically durable. The anode potential was 1.51V at the start and 1.64V after hours, with a coating weight loss of 0mg/㎡.
When lead-based alloy electrodes (containing Sb6%-15% or Ag1%) are used in electrolytic production, the lead anode dissolves, consumes the anode material, and reduces the anode’s service life, and the lead dissolved in the solution can be separated out on the negative electrode, increasing the lead impurity in the metal and lowering product quality. Ruthenium-based coatings will be severely damaged under this working condition, so they are not suitable for use. After hours, the initial anode potential was 1.48V, and it rose to 2.0V, then anode had been passivated.
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