The method and volume of blood to be collected will depend on the animal species, frequency of collection, and experimental needs. Researchers should plan and perform each sampling protocol with an appreciation for the stresses associated with blood loss to the animal and do whatever they can to minimize the animal's reaction to the stress. Careful planning and control of blood sampling and all experimental variables associated with it should not only benefit the welfare of the animal, but also minimize confounding influences on research data. (7)
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Training and experience of the individual in the chosen procedure are of critical importance. The amount of training and practice required to achieve a given level of competence in a particular technique varies from individual to individual depending on, for example, manual dexterity, prior experience, attitude, and the skills of the instructor.
DLAR has a number of training resources available.
Please contact our Training Coordinator for details or to schedule a session.
On average, the total circulating blood volume is equal to 5.5 -8.0 % of the animal’s body weight. Non-terminal blood collection without additional monitoring (see below) should be limited to 10% of the total circulating blood volume on a single collection or every 2-week period for serial collections.
Example (Using mean blood volume table below): a 4 kg rabbit is calculated to have a total blood volume of 224 ml (56 ml/kg x 4.0 kg). Thus, 22.4 ml (10% of 224 ml) may be collected without giving replacement fluids once every two weeks.
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Estimated Total Blood Volume and Safe Bleeding Volume of Selected Species:
Species Blood volume (ml/kg) One Bleeding -Source: Adapted from Formulary for Laboratory Animals, Hawk, Leary, and Morris
Note: If the amount of blood volume removed is 7.5% of total blood volume, allow 1 week recovery; if amount removed is 10%, allow 2 weeks recovery; if amount removed is 15%, allow 4 weeks recovery.
If the animal is being bled routinely, the red blood cell packed volume (PCV) should be checked weekly to determine when blood collection should be suspended in order for the animal to recover from potential anemia. While healthy adult animals can recover their blood volume within 24 hours, it may take up to 2 weeks for all the other blood constituents (i.e. cells, proteins) to be replaced.
By monitoring the hematocrit (Hct or packed cell volume- PCV) and/or hemoglobin of the animal, it is possible to evaluate whether the animal has sufficiently recovered from a single or multiple blood draws. After a sudden or acute blood loss, it takes up to 24 hours for the hematocrit and hemoglobin to reflect this loss. In general, if the animal’s hematocrit is less than 35% or the hemoglobin concentration is less than 10 g/dl, it is not safe to remove blood. Please contact a DLAR Veterinarian if you need assistance with monitoring PCVs in animals.
Normal Packed Cell Volume (PCV) for some lab animals (%)
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Mouse 39-49 Dog 29-55 Rat 36-54 Cat 25-41 Gerbil 43-60 Rhesus 26-48 Hamster 40-61 Baboon 33-43 Rabbit 30-50 Swine 32-50 Guinea Pig 37-48 Cow 24-48 Sheep 24-45 Avian 35-55