Ambient Air Vaporizers: A Clean and Efficient Solution for LNG ...

Ambient air vaporizers (AAVs) are gaining popularity as a clean and efficient solution for liquefied natural gas (LNG) regasification. They offer an alternative to traditional methods that rely on seawater or fuel gas, making them a more environmentally friendly option. This article will delve into the workings of AAVs, exploring their advantages, limitations, and design considerations for those new to the LNG industry.

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AAVs harness the heat from the ambient air to vaporize LNG. They typically consist of long, vertical heat exchange tubes arranged in a natural or forced draft configuration. The warm, less dense air at the top creates a downward air draft, driving the heat transfer process.

• Environmentally Friendly: AAVs avoid the use of seawater or fuel gas, reducing the environmental impact associated with these traditional methods.
• Cost-Effective: They can operate independently without relying on external heat sources, reducing operational costs.
• Versatile: AAVs can be deployed in various climates, making them suitable for a wider range of LNG receiving terminals.
• Simple Design: The technology is relatively straightforward, making maintenance and operation less complex.

• Performance in Cold Climates: In very cold climates, AAVs may require supplemental heating to maintain optimal performance, potentially impacting efficiency.
• Fog Generation: The large temperature difference between the cold air and warm, moist air can lead to fog formation, which may impact visibility and require mitigation measures.
• De-icing Requirements: Ice buildup on the heat exchanger tubes can reduce efficiency. Regular defrosting cycles are necessary, which may impact operational downtime.
• Large Footprint: AAVs typically require a larger footprint than other vaporizer types due to the need for multiple units to achieve a desired capacity.

• Air Draft: Natural draft AAVs rely on the temperature difference between the air at the top and bottom to drive air flow. Forced draft systems use fans to enhance efficiency, but increase operational costs.
• De-icing Mechanisms: Effective de-icing is crucial for maintaining optimal performance. Consider various methods like forced air, heated water spray, or innovative designs to minimize downtime.
• Fog Mitigation: Employ design features to minimize fog formation, such as strategically positioned air outlets or fog suppression systems.

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The ambient vaporizer use natural convection of air to vaporize cryogenic liquefied gases. Aluminum fin tubes of ambient vaporizer absorb heat from the air and transfer that heat to the product gas. The large fin tube pitch provides room for ice growth and allows for more than 480 hours of continuous operation without defrost, making super pitch ideal for severe climates and long duration operation. Beside of standard aluminum construction, units are available with stainless steel and other alloy liners for high pressure and corrosive applications.

Fan ambient vaporizers consist of an extruded aluminum finned tubular core assembly surrounded by an air duct or not. High velocity ambient air of the fan is blown downward over the core to increase heat transfer to the finned surface. The cold cryogenic liquid passing through the tubes vaporizers as it picks up heat and is warmed to within 5 to 20℃ of the air temperature on the basis of the client request. Frost forms and gradually builds up, reducing the capacity of the equipment. The fan is automatically started via a temperature switch which closes at set point whenever cold fluid enters the unit.

All the vaporizer units are fully workshop tested to ensure they reach their quality requirements and offer total reliability.

The vaporizer is built as move free, which meets the different location applications.

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