All About Galvanized Steel | Xometry

25 Aug.,2025

 

All About Galvanized Steel | Xometry

Galvanized steel is a steel that has a protective zinc coating on its outer surface. The zinc is used to increase the steel's corrosion resistance and is applied most commonly by hot dipping the steel into molten zinc. The zinc can also be annealed after the hot dipping process or electroplated to the steel. Galvanized steel can be used in a variety of applications, the only common factor being the applications needed for corrosion resistance. Galvanized steel is used in construction, aerospace, automotive, oil & gas, and many other industries. 

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This article will discuss what galvanized steel is, how it is made, its properties, and its uses.

What Is Galvanized Steel?

Galvanized steel is a form of standard steel in which the steel is coated in zinc to ensure enhanced corrosion resistance. This galvanized coating protects the steel substrate from damage typically caused by moisture or temperature changes. The steel is dipped into molten zinc, which then bonds itself to the steel and becomes part of its chemical composition. 

How Does the Galvanizing Steel Process Work?

The manufacturing process of how to galvanize steel is relatively straightforward to understand. Normally, the manufacturer will dip steel into a bath of molten zinc at a temperature of approximately 450 ºC, which in turn binds itself to the steel, as is the case with any alloy. The zinc becomes part of the steel’s chemical composition, therefore, affording it the properties of both as a gradient mixture of the two metals. The most common form of galvanization is hot-dipped galvanization. It is possible to spray zinc onto the steel, however, a weaker layer of zinc is created by this method. The galvanized steel coating then acts as a barrier to protect the metal underneath from environmental conditions and enables it to be more resistant to corrosion. 

Methods of Galvanizing Steel

There are four ways in which steel can be galvanized, each affecting the type of layer formed and the final application. The four methods are described below:

1. Galvannealing

Galvannealing is the combination of hot-dip galvanizing and annealing processes to produce a specialized coating on steel sheets. The finished product is a zinc-iron alloy product, with a dull matte surface finish that is ideally suited for paint adhesion. This process works by hot-dipping the base metal, and then heating it in an annealing oven at a temperature of roughly 565 ºC to induce alloying between the steel and molten zinc coating. Examples of galvannealing include: welding operations, marine applications, and any high-tensile stress applications. 

2. Hot-Dip Galvanizing

Hot-dip galvanizing is a form of zinc coating applied to steel sheets (or manufactured steel items). This occurs by passing the steel objects through a bath of molten zinc and then cooling them. The zinc bonds to the iron within the steel. Hot-dip galvanizing works by forming a protective layer on either side of the metal to protect the finished product from corrosion. Galvanized steel does not require any secondary or additional coating or painting. Examples of hot-dip galvanizing include: industrial flooring, motorway guardrails, brackets, and fixings. 

3. Electrogalvanizing

Electrogalvanization is a process in which steel is galvanized with a zinc coating using electroplating. Steel is submerged in a zinc salt solution and an electrical current is applied to create electrogalvanized steel. The current creates a reaction between the zinc salt and the surface of the steel, leaving behind a thin layer of zinc. This zinc laver is much thinner than the hot dipping method. Electrogalvanized steel is used in: acoustic ceiling tiles, door frames, and switchboards. 

4. Pre-Galvanizing

The pre-galvanizing process, also referred to as mill galvanization, is performed at the very initial stages of production on metals which are likely to have a limited number of processes after pre-galvanization. This is because carrying out any process on galvanized steel will result in the exposure of bare metal to the atmosphere increasing the risk of oxidation. Components that are pre-galvanized are usually steel plates and bars. This method enables galvanizing to be done quickly and efficiently on a larger scale than is possible with traditional hot-dipping. This process works by rolling the sheet metal (or other shaped steel stock) in a cleaning agent to prepare the material to be passed through the molten zinc, which is then rapidly recoiled. Pre-galvanizing is primarily used for materials that already have a specific shape before being cut. 

Chemical Properties of Galvanized Steel

Table 1 below shows the chemical properties of galvanized steel:

Advantages of Galvanized Steels

Due to the additional zinc layer of protection against many different environmental conditions, galvanized steel has a range of advantages, such as:

  1. Rust Resilience: Zinc provides a protective barrier to the steel, creating a defense against oxygen, moisture, and other environmental conditions. 
  2. Extended Life Span: Once galvanized, a sheet of industrial steel is estimated to last over 50 years in moderate environments, and more than 20 years in environments with severe water exposure.
  3. No Maintenance Required: Once dipped in zinc, galvanized steel does not require any further conversion.
  4. Easy Inspection: It is possible to determine the strength of the galvanized steel just by looking at it. However, stress tests are quick and easy to perform and indicate how thick the layer of zinc is and therefore how much protection the steel has.

Disadvantages of Galvanized Steels

Despite the many advantages of galvanized steel, there are still some disadvantages to this type of steel, which means galvanizing is sometimes not an option to protect steel due to:

  1. Impracticality: Certain pieces of steel are impossible to hot-dip and impractical to galvanize by other methods due to their size (either too big, such that no container is large enough to accommodate them for dipping or too small to be economically viable to dip) or their shape.
  2. Requires Precision When Galvanizing: When not enough time has been allowed to let the galvanized steel cool down and set, the zinc does not bind to the steel properly and the galvanization won’t be nearly as effective. Additionally, the correct coating thickness must be applied to achieve maximum effectiveness. 
  3. Finished Effect is Not Necessarily Aesthetically Pleasing: Once coated with zinc, the galvanized metal coating is not always smooth and can have a rough surface.

Galvanized Steel vs. Regular Steel

The main difference between galvanized steel and regular steel is the protective barrier formed by the addition of zinc to the surface of galvanized steel. This zinc makes galvanized steel much more durable, robust, and rust-resistant. Whereas galvanized steel has been coated in zinc, regular steel is predominantly made of iron which will corrode when exposed to moisture. 

To learn more, see our article on Galvanized Steel vs Aluminum.

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How to Choose the Right Galvanized Roofing Sheet for Your Project

Galvanized roofing sheets are widely used across residential, commercial, agricultural, and industrial projects due to their strength, corrosion resistance, and cost-effectiveness. However, with various types, thicknesses, coatings, and profiles available in the market, choosing the right galvanized sheet can be challenging, especially for project managers, builders, and importers dealing with large-scale applications.

This guide will provide a comprehensive overview of how to select the most suitable galvanized roofing sheet for your project, whether you’re sourcing for a local construction site or planning bulk imports.

Understanding What Galvanized Roofing Sheets Are

Galvanized roofing sheets are steel sheets coated with a layer of zinc through a galvanization process. The zinc layer protects the steel from corrosion, extending its lifespan even in harsh weather conditions. There are two main galvanizing methods:

  • Hot-dip galvanizing: The steel is dipped in molten zinc. It provides a thicker, more durable coating.
  • Electro-galvanizing: A thinner zinc layer is applied via electroplating. It offers a smoother finish but less corrosion resistance.

Common profiles include:

  • Corrugated
  • IBR (Inverted Box Rib)
  • Trapezoidal
  • Standing seam

Why Galvanized Roofing Sheets Are Popular

Galvanized steel roofing sheets offer several benefits:

  • Corrosion resistance: The zinc coating protects against rust and harsh environmental conditions.
  • Long service life: With proper maintenance, galvanized sheets can last 20–50 years.
  • High strength-to-weight ratio: Ideal for large-span roofing without heavy structural support.
  • Low maintenance cost: No frequent repainting or sealing required.
  • Eco-friendly: Fully recyclable at the end of life.

Key Factors to Consider When Choosing

When selecting the right galvanized sheet, consider the following technical and functional factors:

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a) Zinc Coating Thickness (Zinc Mass or Z Rating)

Zinc coating is measured in grams per square meter (g/m²). Common grades include:

  • Z100–Z275 for residential/light commercial use.
  • Z350–Z600 for heavy-duty or marine environments.

The thicker the coating, the better the corrosion resistance. For example:

  • Z275 = 275 g/m² of zinc (137.5 g/m² on each side)

Recommendation: For coastal or humid regions, opt for Z350 or above.

b) Base Steel Thickness

Measured in millimeters (mm) or gauge, common thicknesses are:

  • 0.14–0.25mm for temporary structures
  • 0.3–0.5mm for residential
  • 0.6–1.2mm for industrial/commercial

Thicker sheets offer more durability but are heavier and costlier.

Tip: Use thicker sheets for areas with strong winds or snow loads.

c) Surface Finish and Coating Options

Depending on application and appearance, surface treatments include:

  • Regular spangle: Visible crystal pattern, decorative.
  • Minimized spangle: Smaller crystals, more uniform appearance.
  • Zero spangle: Smooth surface, ideal for painting.

Additional coatings:

  • Chromated (passivated)
  • Oiled (for temporary rust prevention)
  • Pre-painted galvanized steel (PPGI)

d) Profile and Rib Design

Profile affects both load-bearing capacity and aesthetic appeal. Choose based on:

  • Corrugated profile: Traditional look, good water shedding.
  • Trapezoidal/IBR profile: High strength and modern design.
  • Standing seam: Best for high-end or leak-proof projects.

Roof pitch and drainage should be matched with the profile type.

Application-Based Recommendations

a) Residential Buildings

  • Thickness: 0.3–0.5 mm
  • Zinc Coating: Z275
  • Profile: Corrugated or trapezoidal
  • Optional: Pre-painted for color aesthetics

b) Commercial Warehouses & Factories

  • Thickness: 0.5–0.75 mm
  • Zinc Coating: Z275–Z350
  • Profile: IBR or trapezoidal
  • Optional: Insulated roofing panels

c) Agricultural Structures (barns, sheds)

  • Thickness: 0.4–0.6 mm
  • Zinc Coating: Z275
  • Profile: Corrugated
  • Optional: Anti-condensation coating on back

d) Coastal or Marine Environments

  • Thickness: 0.5–0.75 mm
  • Zinc Coating: Z450–Z600
  • Profile: Standing seam or heavy-duty trapezoidal
  • Optional: Color-coated with marine-grade paint

Factory Strength and Quality Standards

Whether you’re sourcing from a local manufacturer or importing from China, ensure the supplier meets the following standards:

  • ISO certified
  • ASTM A653 / JIS G / EN compliant
  • In-house testing: salt spray test, bend test, tensile strength test
  • Clear marking of steel grade and zinc coating on coils

Tip for importers: Ask for a Mill Test Certificate (MTC) and third-party inspection report.

Packaging and Transportation

Proper packaging ensures the sheets arrive in excellent condition:

  • Waterproof wrapping with PE film
  • Edge protectors and steel band strapping
  • Palletized or bulk in containers (for exports)

Shipping tips:

  • Use 20GP containers for smaller coils or pre-cut sheets
  • Use 40GP for larger volumes
  • Ensure the supplier understands anti-rust export packaging requirements

Customization Options

Leading factories offer custom services:

  • Coil to sheet cutting
  • Custom lengths and widths
  • Punching or perforation
  • Embossed or matte surfaces
  • Color coatings (RAL color codes)

These allow you to meet specific market needs or architectural designs.

Cost Factors to Consider

Prices of galvanized roofing sheets depend on:

  • Steel base price (influenced by global markets)
  • Zinc coating thickness
  • Sheet thickness and profile
  • Surface coating (painted or non-painted)
  • Packaging and transportation

Typical FOB China price range (as of ):

Note: Prices may fluctuate due to steel raw materials and global demand.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

  • Underspecifying thickness: Leads to deformation or leaks
  • Ignoring coating needs: Lower zinc may rust quickly in humid areas
  • Wrong profile selection: May cause poor water drainage
  • Low-quality sourcing: Leads to product failure and warranty issues
  • No local standards compliance: Could delay approvals and installation

Conclusion

Choosing the right galvanized roofing sheet requires a balance of performance, durability, aesthetics, and cost-effectiveness. Whether you are a builder working on a residential project or a B2B buyer looking to import galvanized sheets in bulk, a deep understanding of coating thickness, material strength, profiles, and environmental conditions will ensure you make the best choice for your project.

If you’re seeking a reliable galvanized roofing sheet manufacturer in China, our factory offers:

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  • Customized production
  • Competitive bulk pricing
  • Strict quality control
  • International certifications
  • Flexible export support